The Effects Of Media Violence On Mental Health - 829 Words

American college students. They referred to Buckner, Beardslee, Bassuk (2004) who stated that when ethnic minority children and youth are exposed to community violence their mental health is greatly affected. It was hypothesized that exposure to community violence would negatively relate to mental health outcomes. Their sample consisted of 281 African American undergraduate college students in a Midwest University. Their ages ranged from 18 to 24 years. Participants completed Exposure to Community Violence survey (Richters and Saltzman, 1990); the Racial Socialization Questionnaire-Teen (Lesane-Brown, Scottham, Nguyen, and Sellers, 2005); the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children-Depressive symptomatology (Weissman, Orvaschel, Padian, 1980); and the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss and Perry, 1992). Results indicated that victimization due to community violence is associated with aggressive behaviors and depressive symptomatology. They further cited Cooley-Quille, Boyd, Frantz, Walsh (2001) who stated that victims that experienced direct violence have more psychological consequences than those who experience indirect violence. Banerjee et al. (2015) recommended that providing racial socialization messages and practices at home and at school offer better psychological outcomes in ethnic minority young adults. Ludban (2015) investigated the psychological well-being of college students and the factors that impact it. Ludban (2015) referred toShow MoreRelatedMental Health and Violence Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesAre people with mental illness more violent than the rest of the population? If you only listen to the media, you are sure to answer, â€Å"Yes†. However, most of us know that the media is not the most reliable source of information. In fact, the media has a Tendency to bend the facts, plucking out stories and statistics that colour the truth in order to popularize their Medium. Most people who have mental health problems experience symptoms, and gradually recover. They may pick Up where they leftRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Media Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is often wrongly portrayed in the United States’ media creating stigmatization and misrepresentation. Mental illness â€Å"refers to a wide range of mental disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Examples of disorders include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Any â€Å"negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are called stigma† (Wilson et al., 2016, p. 2) and stigma can contributeRead MoreDomestic Violence And Other Lifetime Disturbance1590 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence and other lifetime disturbance can have significant mental health effects. Although symptoms often recover or decline with increased safety and social support, maltreatment may sometimes have longer-term health and mental health effects. The disturbing effects of abuse can affect an individual’s ability to access safety, restore from trauma, and to pursue lifetime go als. In addition to that, living with mental health disorders or addiction upsurges a person’s risk of experiencingRead MoreThe Effects Of Movies On Child Psychology930 Words   |  4 PagesDetrimental effects of movies on child psychology After the advent of first motion picture cameras in 1890s, movies have become one of our best ways to alleviate stress and manifest feelings and concepts. Movies are the mirror of a society that reflects social practices, incidents and imperfections. Movies are one of the effective means to sow the seeds of aspirations, ideas for making the utopian fantasy to reality. However, in recent years, in order to allure more viewers, movies have followedRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1212 Words   |  5 Pagesbizarre statements heard by people experiencing symptoms of mental illness. Patients suffering a physiological illness rarely hear these words, but they have begun to sound like a broken record to the mentally ill. Everyone sympathizes with the stomach, the liver, the eye, and many other organs in the body when they begin to malfunction, but no one sympathizes with the brain. It is unimaginable and almost abominable for the brain to get sick. Mental illness is probably the mo st misconstrued and trivializedRead MoreEffects Of Prison Overcrowding1345 Words   |  6 PagesMy paper will discuss the problems and a few of the effects that prison overcrowding causes towards the inmates and the guards. I will first address the issue of violence that prison overcrowding causes. My next point will be the health of the inmates discussing both their physical and mental while in overcrowded prisons. Lastly I will discuss the physical and mental health of the correctional officers and how the job could lead to correctional officers having issues in their private life. PrisonRead MoreDo You Think Violent Video Game Exposure Effect The Behavior Of Children?1244 Words   |  5 Pagesgame exposure effect the behavior of children? Introduction Studies show that exposure to violent video games affects the behavior of children.Some have vandalized, beat someone up, took part in bullying someone.As many as 97% of US kids age 12-17 play video games, contributing to the $21.53 billion domestic video game industry. More than half of the 50 top-selling video games contain violence. Violent video games have been blamed for school shootings, increases in bullying, and violence towards womenRead MoreViolent Programs on Television Lead to Aggressive Behavior by Children1038 Words   |  5 PagesNational Institute of Mental Health, along with other reputable health organizations has collected data that connects media violence, with violent acts. Conclusions deduced from this data prove that violent programs on television lead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs. Television violence affects young people of all ages, all socio-economic levels, and all levels of intelligence. Todays children view vast amounts of violence on television. A steadyRead More VIOLENT PROGRAMS ON TELEVISION LEAD TO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR BY CHILDREN1015 Words   |  5 Pagesthe National Institute of Mental Health, along with other reputable health organizations has collected data that connects media violence, with violent acts. Conclusions deduced from this data prove that violent programs on television lead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs. Television violence affects young people of all ages, all socio-economic levels, and all levels of intelligence. Today’s children view vast amounts of violence on television. A steady dietRead More Media Violence Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesis right for their child to have access to this sort of violence: the kind found in most video games, television shows, and movies all over the world. But honestly, does it make a difference in the child’s development as a productive member of society, and if so, can a parent really do anything about it? These are the questions that researchers of the subject hope to answer conclusively In order to understand how media violence has an effect on children, different variables must first be examined

Sociology Is The Study Of Individuals In Groups In A...

Sociology is the study of individuals in groups in a systematic way. It is an intricate set of styles and approaches trying to perceive society. (Burgess and Murcott, 2001). As a result, many perceptions have arisen over the last centuries. Many methodologies have been debated and discussed. Challenging these assumptions will in turn, cause for quantitative and qualitative based research on the struggle to gain a firm grip on how society works. As a result, there are different sociological perspectives that hold valued theories in society. In this essay three perspectives will be assessed. How society operates in the view of these perspectives. Also, scrutinizing theories on the subject ‘crime and deviance’ aiming to outline how each†¦show more content†¦Marx’s argues that laws are passed by state government, reflecting the interests of ruling class ideology, rather an authoritarian consensus. As follows a false commitment is shared by society as a whole considering laws only benefit the ruling minority. (Haralambos and Holborn, 1980). A classic case study portraying this argument is Stuart Hall’s ‘policing the crisis’. Hall raises the argument of ‘mugging’; a new term from America that was used by the media to label an attempted robbery, murder scene in 1972 In Britain. He argued the term is now affixed to any type of crime particularly applied at black youth. From that point onwards it becomes symptomatic of a ‘moral panic’. (Hall et al, 1978). Furthermore, Halls statistics show the term ‘mugging’ appearing 60 times in newspapers the following year. (Hall et al, 1978) It can be said that the media’s moral panics, run by the ideology of the ruling class, camouflaged the economic crisis that emerged during the 1970’s. Subsequently, the moral panics allowed the state to enforce policing methods legitimising random stops targeting black youths. Thus, more control over the subject class. Social action theories offer a drastic alternative view on society to the above. Interpretative perspective emphasis is on individuals action, rather than the deterministic approach structured by social systems, social action focuses on small scaleShow MoreRelatedSociology Of Education As A Social Institution1489 Words   |  6 PagesSociology of education The sociology of education is a diverse and vibrant subfield that features theory and research focused on how education as a social institution is affected by and affects other social institutions and the social structure overall, and how various social forces shape the policies, practices, and outcomes of schooling (www.thoughtco.com). Sociology of education is the systematic study of educational system within the broader social context. At the heart of sociology is a specialRead MoreSociology as a Science Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages Sociology emerged in the eighteenth century after a period of intense cultural, social and economic changes. As people began to try to understand these changes, there came a period called the Enlightenment. This is also considered by Hamilton (1992) to be a â€Å"time characterised by the development of distinctively modern forms of thought about society and the realm of the social.† The Enlightenment encouraged a new way of thinking marked by application of reason, experienceRead MoreSociology and the Education System in America Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of Sociology is that it is the study of human societies through the synthesis of theoretical analysis and controlled research, focusing on the social patterns and forces that influence humans. The study of sociology is the issues, concepts, investigations, and more importantly, the systematic study of relationships among people. While the study of sociology focuses on groups, or society as a whole, it should not exclude an emphasis on individuals because individuals forms groups and groupsRead MoreThe Forest, The Trees, And The One Thing By Allan G. Johnson1613 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus that every person falls into. To escape it would be impossible as society itself is the interweaving lives, systems, beliefs and ideas that every individual contributes to and experiences. Without a contextual perspective, comprehending one’s place in society while in the chaos of personal and widespread clashes is challenging. Sociology and, thus, the sociological perspective allows people to understand the threads that connect them to someone else or to the institutes that surround themRead MoreWhat Is the Importance of Studying Sociology?967 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying sociology? Of the various social sciences, sociology seems to be the youngest. It is gradually developing. Still it has remarkable progress. Its uses are recognized widely today. In modern times, there is a growing realization of the importance of the scientific study of social phenomena and the means of promoting what Prof. Giddings calls human adequacy (human welfare). The study of sociology has a great value especially in modern complex society. Some of the uses of sociology are asRead MoreSociology : Defining Human Behavior961 Words   |  4 PagesSociology: Defining Human Behavior In this paper we will discuss how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Sociology provides ways to understand why and how society functions. We ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at how sociology is defined. Sociology is definedRead MoreThe Core Concepts Of Sociology1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe core concepts of sociology are a combination of original theories with improved sociological approaches that build upon them over time. Sociology utilizes three main theories to approach the study of society with different focus points that result in different outcomes. Furthermore, as stated by Robert Faris and William Form from britannica â€Å"The early schools of thought each presented a systematic formulation of sociology that implied possession of exclusive truth and that involved a convictionRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Skills On The Workplace1695 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior is â€Å"a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness† (Robbins 10). 3. How does systematic study contribute to our understanding of OB? Fundamental consistencies predict the behavior of employees in the workplace. In organizational behavior, a systematic study is used to make accurate predictions. A systematic study looks at relationshipsRead MoreSociology : Defining Human Behavior948 Words   |  4 Pages Sociology: Defining Human Behavior Sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Providing ways to understand why and how society functions, we ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at the meaning of sociology: â€Å"the systematic study of the development, structure, interactionRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Studying Juvenile Delinquency And Disorder Behavior1642 Words   |  7 Pagessociological approaches to studying juvenile delinquency are necessary. This essay starts with outlining and defining disorderly behaviour and juvenile delinquency. Then, it will look at the work of Eysenck, the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development research which was a longitude study and the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential theory by Farrington, all fit in psychological approach; studying the connection between personality and disorder. It will then look at Sociological approach by looking

Demographics of the Global Economy

Question: Write an essay about the demographics of the global economy. Answer: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy: The Global Economy is referred to the world economy. This is considered as international exchange of services and goods, which is expressed in monetary units of account. The U.S. ruled the world trade picture and the world economy by accounting almost 40% of world economic activity in 1960s. However, by 2012, this economic activity has decreased to 23%. In this global economy, U.S. multinationals ruled the half of the world and the international business scene. This economics of the communist world was centrally planned. This economics was limited to Western international business. This economic structure is also observed in other developing countries. In contrast, the share of the developing nations in the world economy is increasing. It is expected that, by 2020, the economic activity will rise to more than 60% (Dunning, 2012). This output of these developing countries in the account of the global economy is gradually increasing from 1960. The cross-border flows show a sustained gr owth in foreign direct investment (FDI). For example, it was seen that U.S. firms had accounted for approximate two-thirds of worldwide FDI flows. Recently, the account of the U.S. has decreased to less than one-fifth of worldwide FDI flows. This pattern is observed in the other developing countries. In contrast, the share of FDIs account has risen in developing countries. For example, China has become famous destination for FDI. The other popular FDI destinations are UK, Canada, China and USA. A multinational enterprise is referred to the business, which has productivity in two or more countries. It is observed that the number of mini-multinationals and non-U.S. multinationals has increased since 1960s (Wild et al., 2014). Most of the former Communist nations in Asia and Europe are now committed to free market economies and democratic politics. This communist collapse in Eastern Europe exhibits a representative of investment and export opportunities for Western business. It shows n ew opportunities in the International business in spite of continued Communist control. The economic development in China represents major risks and opportunity. With this, signs of growing totalitarian and unrest tendencies are observed in some countries. For example, Latin America and Mexico also represent tremendous opportunities both as sources and as markets of production and materials. It is observed that the FDI has increased from $2 billion to $100 billion in China in between 1983 and 2010 (Beamish, 2013). In China, there are many strong companies, which can give tough competition to Western firms. The opinion of the author is based on the changes in the world economy system along with globalization. Authors personal opinion will be to know the reasons behind this change. Debate on Globalization: Globalization is referred to as shift from a centre to more interdependent and integrated global economy. The debate has stared between anti- globalization protestors at all meeting of a global institution. According to protestors, globalization is altering the world in a negative way. Critics feel that jobs are being lost to low-wage nations due to globalization. According to the supporters, cross border investment and increased trade give rise to low prices in services and goods. It leads to greater economic growth with more jobs and higher consumer income. In this debate critics believe that the free trade supports firms from growing nations to shift manufacturing facilities registered in less developed countries with lax labor and environmental regulations (Killing, 2012). The free trade supporters observed that strict labor standards and tough environmental regulation go together with progress in economy. Additionally the foreign investment helps a nation to increase its standar ds. While critics are disappointed in the fact that due to the globalization the economic power is altering from national governments towards super national organization, like, the United Nations, the European Union (EU), the World Trade Organization (WTO). However according to the supporters the organizational power is limited to states-nations agree to grant. The organizational power lies in their capability of making some nations to follow some actions. The critics state that the distance between poor and rich has become wider. So, the globalization is not distributed equally (Ball McCulloch, 2012). Whereas supporters state that governmental actions have showed limited improvement in economy in most of the countries. The author supports the globalization. Some undeveloped nations can raise their economy by reducing barrier of investment and trade and also through implementing trading policies based on economies of free market. For example, McDonald is growing in Japan and other countries due to globalization. Economic System: An economic system is referred to as a system, which deals with resource allocation, production, distribution and exchange of services and goals in a provided geographical area or a society. This system is connected with political ideology. The countries, which are focused in individual goals in the system, have market-based economies. The dominant collective goals are observed in the economic system of the countries with common state-ownership. Individualism and democracy go together like totalitarianism and collectivism. Generally, three types of economic systems are observed, which are, mixed, planned or command and market. Command economy system is completely government based. In this system, rather than free market, government decides the production of the goods, the quantity of the production and the price of the goods, which will be opened for sale. It is a key characteristic of communist society (Cavusgil et al., 2014). This system is completely state-owned. Government distri butes the resources for the good of the society. This system has a tendency to stagnate as it has low incentives to be efficient and control costs. A market economy is a system, where the decisions regarding distribution, production and investment are taken by market. In this system, the prices, demand and supply of services and good are decided in a free economy system. Government encourages in fair and free competition among the private sectors. Market economies are also two types, social and liberal. Mixed economy is the system, which deals with the combinations of various economy systems, like, economic interventionism, free markets, private ownership, public ownership and economic planning. In general, in this system, the private economy is controlled by the provision of government. Mixed economy is more practiced in India and China. In China two systems model is observed. One of them is capitalist, which is similar to state-planned economies with the combination of institution al structures. The other system is political system, which is under control of communist party. This leads to weak legal system and lack of transparency. In India, democratic political system and economic freedom are observed and it is gradually opening towards FDI mixed economy is more practiced in these countries because, this economy has strong concern on free market principles, and still it depends upon the government (Jenkins, 2013). According to authors opinion, mixed economy is better because it involves the opinion of two systems. The free market involves with the variety of products. While, the government helps to deal with certain matters ranging from environment to education, which are overlooked by the private organizations. The government also helps to nurture a newly grown company and to establish that company in the global economy. Culture: Culture is defined as a system of norms and values, which are shared in between same groups or different group of people. It helps to modify the structure of living. Norms are referred to certain cultural products like traditions, customs and values, which represent the basic knowledge of individuals on others activity and their vision. According to certain sociologists, norms are informal understandings, which deal with the behaviors of the individuals in the society. An example of norm is shaking hand during introduction between two people. Elements of norms are laws, taboos, mores, and folkways. Folkways are norms, which deal with casual or routine interaction in daily life. For example, certain food habits or dressing sense in different cultures. If an individual belched in America during dinner in presence of others, then that incident is referred as breaking the folkways. According to American culture belching in dinner table is not good (Folsom et al., 2012). After these broke n folkways, there are no legal or moral consequences. Mores are the norms, which are observed in the society. It refers to the functionality of the society, like religious doctrines. For example, the parents with more cannot allow the live together relationship between their daughter and her boyfriend. According to them, only married couple can stay together. If their daughter does this activity, then it will be referred as violation against more. Taboos are the norms, which are strongly connected with certain cultures. Violation of those norms gives rise to extreme condition at that culture. Sometimes those violators are thrown out of the society. For example, in Muslim culture pork eating is a taboo. Pigs are not staying in clean area, But Muslim strictly follows the cleanliness I their daily life. Law is referred to as certain norms, which are written by the leaders of the society, and it is implicated in the society through a law enforcement society. For example, in many countri es drink and drive is not allowed according to the law. If anyone breaks the rill, then according to the law, that person will be fined or imprisoned. Values provide the place, where, the norms of the society are put forward and followed with respect. For example, in a scholarly family, the parents will show more values on learning, achievement, hard work (Enderwick, 2013). According to authors opinion norm is better. It helps to understand one culture and its significance. In this modern age, it is very necessary to be globalized. It will help to modify the life and to build the career. Therefore, through knowing the norms of other cultures, people can overcome the cultural barriers. Culture determinism: Culture is referred to as the cumulative deposition of beliefs, experiences and knowledge of a particular society or nation. Cultural determinism is the belief where the present culture will determine the behavioral and emotional levels of the life. The communication between two culturally diverged people is the example of culture determinism. Many determinants are associated with cultural determinism, which are, social structure, language, education, economic in addition, political philosophies and religion (Moran et al., 2014). Social structure is the structure of the society, which differs due to the cultural variance. For example, social structure of certain nation is completely religious based, whereas, work based social structure in observed in somewhere. Language is the nonverbal or verbal expressions through which people communicate. Cultural determinism gives rise to variation in language. A nation with different language is also the resource of different culture, like Spain . Education is the way, through which people learn. It differs with the culture. For example, an education level in a nation sometimes determines the economy of that nation. Political and economic philosophies vary to a great extent due to the culture determinism. For example, in North Korea, communist ideologies are ruling as political parties (Vaara et al., 2012). Religion is referred to as spiritual belief of an individual. Culture differs with various religions like, Hinduism, Muslim, Christian are observed. For example, here, the author is from Pakistan. However, presently, the author is flowing British culture due to migration. Therefore, the cultural determinism affects the author in his life. The religion and language are completely different in Britain as compared to Pakistan. The author is not able to communicate in his language with the office staffs. The education and political system are also different in between these two cultures. British culture follows must advanced education system. Moreover, the social structure differs a lot. It has great impact in the life of the author. Transaction cost: FDI or foreign direct investment deals with the direct investment of the firm in a foreign country with new facilities to create new market. License or exporting works for existed products in the foreign country. Therefore, FDI occurs instead of licensing and exporting. Exporting is a process through which a product is shipped to the country with high demand from its home country (Shenkar, 2012). For example, the Arabian countries are richer with petroleum. Therefore, this product is exported to other countries due to the demands. Transaction costs are those costs, which are related to the exportation of the goods. Licensing is referred to the right of a product while introduction into the foreign country. For example, when McDonald is introduced in Japan, then it is necessary that the company should be licensed. In licensing, there are many costs like, transportation, trading costs etc. FDI deals with those barriers through quotas or import tariffs. Therefore, FDI is better than lic ensing. For example if a Fiat car is introduced in foreign country, then the licensing will cost more. However, that cost will be minimized through FDI. According to author, FDI is good because it stimulates the economic development of the target country. International trade becomes very easy due to this direct investment. Due to FDI, the foreign investors are making new companies in the target country. It is providing more job opportunities. According to author, FDI is not good because it hinders domestic investment, which is a great disadvantage. FDI is related with more nations and their political factors. Therefore, there are certain risks in FDI due to the political factors. FDI influences the exchange rate negatively, which affects the economic system of a nation. References: Ball, D. A., McCulloch Jr, W. H. (2012). International business. Beamish, P. (2013). Multinational Joint Ventures in Developing Countries (RLE International Business). Routledge. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014). International business. Pearson Australia. Dunning, J. H. (2012). International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business) (Vol. 12). Routledge. Enderwick, P. (Ed.). (2013). Multinational Service Firms (RLE International Business). Routledge. Folsom, R. H., Gordon, M. W., Spanogle, J. A., Fitzgerald, P. L., Van Alstine, M. P. (2012). International business transactions: a problem-oriented coursebook. Jenkins, R. (2013). Transnational Corporations and Uneven Development (RLE International Business): The Internationalization of Capital and the Third World. Routledge. Killing, P. (2012). Strategies for Joint Venture Success (RLE International Business) (Vol. 22). Routledge. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014). Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Shenkar, O. (2012). Beyond cultural distance: Switching to a friction lens in the study of cultural differences. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(1), 12-17. Vaara, E., Sarala, R., Stahl, G. K., Bjrkman, I. (2012). The impact of organizational and national cultural differences on social conflict and knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of Management Studies, 49(1), 1-27. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014). International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Irrational Thinking Essays - Logical Fallacies, Fallacy,

Irrational Thinking To understand this concept you must first know the definition of the term fallacy. Fallacy is defined as deception, an error in logic, or an often plausible argument using false or invalid inference. In this course we learned that there were eight fallacies: perfection, approval, should, overgeneralization, causation, helplessness, and catastrophic causation. In this paper I will attempt to explain each of them. The fallacy of perfection is when a person that thinks that everything must be perfect. It can be as innocent as someone who must keep their things neat and clean or as extreme as a person cleans constantly because they don't feel that anything is clean enough. In their eyes, everything must be flawless. A person with this fallacy may most commonly be known as a perfectionist. One of their setbacks is that they are some busy perfecting that they don't have time to do other things. The fallacy of approval is when a person that insures that they say and do is acceptable to others. They are people pleasers, willing to do anything to make everyone happy and often say what the listeners want to hear. They are sometimes known as two-faded because they are on everyone's side of an argument. Most often affected by this fallacy are adolescents because they thrive on peer approval. A downfall is that the individual is so consumed with pleasing other the it may be difficult for them to find self-fulfillment. The fallacy of should is when a person confuses what they want with what should be. They never understand why things are not going their way. This fallacy, unlike most of the others, can sometimes be beneficial, in moderation, in careers fields such as law enforcement and politics. In these field, in general, what the individual want usually will benefit public. On the other in hand, an extreme fallacy of should can be disasterist. One such example in history is Nazi Germany. Hitler's fallacy of should lead to the death of thousands of people. The fallacy of over-generalization uses the expressions "always" and "never" frequently. These people often times have trouble recognizing the things people do "often" especially if it is some thing position. For instance in an argument they may use statements like, " You never help me with the kids." or "You always leave the toilet seat up. As a consequence of this fallacy the person that they are arguing with may become considerably defective. The fallacy of helplessness is when a person feels that they have no control over any situation. They feel that they are hindered by obstacles and they have say in the outcome. The example that stands of in my mind is when African-American males say that they are oppressed by "the man" ( referring to white people). This is their justification for not being able to hold a steady job and any other unjust treatment they receive. What a lot of these people with this fallacy fell to realize is their part in the injustice (i.e. police record, excessively tardy to work) Another pitfall of this fallacy is that it leads to stereotypes and prejudice. The fallacies of causation and catastrophic causation with the exception of catastrophic causation is too the extreme. The word causation means that the person feels that everything that can go wrong will go wrong. They also feel that their thoughts and feelings cause negative emotion. I, personal, have never met anyone with either of these fallacies but I would think that a effect of having one of them would damage them socially because of their fear of an unfavorable outcome. Each fallacy affects people a different way but by knowing and understand each of them I have a better understanding for why act or react the way that they do. This was the most beneficial concept I learned in this course.